Saturday, October 17, 2009

Type of data and sampling Techniques



Type of data
1. Primary data are data collected directly by the researcher.
Example:
a. Actual observation or measurement
b. Interviews with questionnaires
c. E-mailing
d. Experimentation
e. Registrations
2. Secondary data are data collected through information taken from published or unpublished materials previously gathered by other researchers or agencies.

Sampling Techniques
There are two type of sampling techniques. These are probability and non-probability. Probability sampling deals with the selection of a sample from a population, based on the principle of randomization or chance. Non-probability sampling has no equal chance of selected.

1. Simple Random sampling. The member of the population has an equal chance to be included in the sample gathered. (Lottery or fishbowl techniques)

2. Systematic Random Sampling. A random starting point is selected and then every kth member will be succeeding sample. (Every 10th member is selected, sample can be 10, 20, 30 40 and etc)

3. Stratified Random Sampling. In this type of planning a population is first divided into subsets based on homogeneity called strata. Thus, in stratified random sampling, the strata are internally homogeneous as possible and at the same time each stratum is different from one another as much as possible. Then samples are selected proportionally from each stratum which can be done through simple or systematic random sampling. This type has an advantage in some cases to reflect more accurately the characteristics of the population. (groupings of similar nature, uniform appearance or composition)

4. Cluster Sampling. This can be done by subdividing the population into smaller units and then selecting only at random some primary units where the study would then be concentrated.

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